RSE Policy


Scoil Pádraig Naofa, Creigmhór.

Relationships and Sexuality Education Policy Statement


1.    Introduction:
This policy was drawn up by an elected policy committee. Members of the committee are Lorraine Casserly & Tony Treacy (Parent Representatives), Joe Kennelly & Michael McNamara (Board of Management Representatives) and Caroline Crehan & Tomás Madden (Teacher Representatives)

2.    School & Our Ethos

Scoil Pádraig Naofa, Creigmhór is a Roman Catholic School which nurtures a positive, co-operative educational environment. Our Aims are:

·                     To enable our pupils to have full lives as children

·                     To prepare our pupils to avail of further education

·                     To prepare our pupils to live full and useful lives as adults in society

Our school motto is Vertas, Probitas, Amicitia Respicio, which translates into Truth, Honesty, Friendship and Respect.

Teachers will reflect the ethos of the school throughout their teaching.

 

3.    Home
The school recognises that the parent is the primary educator of the child. This R.S.E policy, as in all other policy areas, acknowledges this and seeks to support parents in this role. Our school fosters close contact between school and home. Parents and teachers support one another and collaborate with one another as partners in leading the young pupils to the fullness of their potential as they grow and mature.

 



4.    Our School Philosophy

Scoil Pádraig Naofa, Cregmore is a Roman Catholic School.  As such, we aim to promote the full and harmonious development of all aspects of the pupil; intellectual, physical, cultural, moral and spiritual. 

Within the school, a spirit of mutual respect is promoted between children, parents, teachers and members of the Board of Management.  Pupils are shown by example to appreciate and respect people of different religious affiliations and of different nationalities.  Teachers are sensitive to the needs and particular circumstances of the pupils and supportive of the parents’ role. 

This Relationship and Sexuality programme will be taught in accordance with our school ethos.  Within our school, we promote the following ideals:
·         People feel valued
·         Self esteem is fostered
·         Respect, tolerance and fairness are evident
·         High expectations and standards are promoted
·         Support for those experiencing difficulty
·         Open communication
·         Effort is recognized and rewarded
·         Uniqueness/difference is valued
·         Conflict is handled constructively
·         Initiative and creativity are encouraged
·         Social, moral and civic values are promoted
The R.S.E programme will reflect these ideals & will be taught in 3 main ways – cross curricular, Formal lessons/teaching & by reflecting the way of life in our school.


5.    Definition of Relationships and Sexuality Education

Relationships and Sexuality Education is about gaining knowledge and understanding of physical, social, cultural, psychological and moral development. It includes attitudes, beliefs and values about relationships, sexual identity and intimacy within a moral, spiritual and social framework.  This understanding of RSE will contribute to the development of personal well-being, will enhance personal relationships and will have positive implications for family and community life.    


6.    Relationship of RSE to SPHE

The Draft Guidelines for RSE (NCCA, June 1995, 1.2) state that Social Personal and Health Education is “spiral, developmental in nature and age appropriate in content and methodology”. The RSE programme is designed to follow this principle and pattern. Apart from the specific lessons of RSE, SPHE covers other areas which would be pertinent to the development of a healthy attitude to sexuality in oneself and one’s relationship with others. The programme will be covered using a cross-curricular approach but some lesson topics will remain under specific curricular headlines. For these sensitive lessons, the cross- curricular approach will not apply. These lesson topics will be listed separately. SPHE deals with many issues such as self esteem, assertiveness, communication and decision making skills - all of which can contribute to the effectiveness of the RSE programme.


7.    The aims of our Relationships and Sexuality Education programme

Relationships and sexuality education which is located in the overall framework of Social, Personal and Health Education, has as its specific aims:
a)       To help pupils understand and develop friendships and relationships
b)      To promote an understanding of sexuality
c)       To promote a positive attitude to one’s own sexuality and in one’s relationship with others
d)       To promote knowledge of and respect for reproduction
e)       To enable pupils to develop attitudes and values toward their
Sexuality in a moral, spiritual and social framework in keeping with the policy of the school
f)       To provide opportunities for pupils to learn about relationships and sexuality in ways that helps them think and act in a moral, caring and responsible way.

It is acknowledged that in a course of limited duration these aims are aspirational.


8.     Guidelines for the management and organisation of Relationships and Sexuality Education in our school

The RSE content and methodology to be used will be based on the Guidelines for primary schools drawn up by the National Council for the Curriculum and Assessment (NCCA).  Arrangements regarding the teaching of the programme and the deployment of staff will be made by the Principal.  Content will be prepared specifically with the readiness of the class in mind. The following includes some of the resources that will be used to assist with this:
·         The Guidelines on RSE for the primary school
·         The RSE programme details for each class
·         The RSE resource materials


Curriculum Content:
RSE will be covered under the following strands and strand units of the SPHE Curriculum:



Myself
  • Growing and Changing
  • Taking Care of my Body

The RSE programme is divided into two main parts:

  1. The general programme which contains content covered through SPHE strand and strand units and compliments the aims and objectives of RSE;

·         Friendship
·         Self-identity
·         Family
·         Self-esteem
·         Growing up

  1. The second section will deal with any sensitive/specific content covered through RSE stands and strand units. The sensitive aspects are highlighted in bold.

Topics covered up to 2nd include:

• Keeping safe
Bodily changes from birth (birth-9)
• Making age-appropriate choices
• Appreciating the variety of family types and the variety of family life that exists in our school and community
• Recognising and expressing feelings
• Self-care, hygiene, diet, exercise and sleep
• Expressing opinions and listening to others
Naming the parts of the male/ female body using appropriate anatomical terms (Junior/ Senior Infants)
Naming the parts of the male/ female body using appropriate anatomical terms and identify some of their functions (1st/2nd).






Topics from 3rd to 6th include:

• Bodily changes
• Healthy eating, personal hygiene and exercise
• Keeping safe
• Expressing feelings
• Appreciating the variety of family types within our school and community and how these family relationships shape us
• Making healthy and responsible decisions
• Forming friendships
Discuss the stages and sequence of development of the human baby in the womb(3rd, 4th class)
Introduction to puberty and changes (3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th class)
Changes that occur in boys and girls with the onset of puberty ( 5th and 6th Class)
Reproductive system of male/female adults (5th and 6th class)
Understanding sexual intercourse, conception and birth within the context of a committed loving relationship (5th, 6th class).



Current Overview of Content for SPHE:

STRANDS
STRAND UNITS (YEAR 1)

Year of Use
STRAND UNITS (YEAR 2)
Year of Use
Myself
Self-Identity (Sept-Oct)
2017/2018
Safety and Protection
(Jan-Feb)

2018/2019

Taking Care of my Body
(Jan-Feb)
2019/2020
Making Decisions (March-April)
3rd-6th only

2020/2021

Growing and Changing
(March-April)

2021/2022

2022/2023
Myself and Others
Myself and my Family
(Nov-Dec)

2023/2024
Relating to Others (Sept-Oct)
2024/2025



My Friends and Other People
(May-June)


Myself and the Wider World
Developing Citizenship
(May-June)

Media Education (Nov-Dec)





Parents’ rights and responsibilities:
The RSE programme will be delivered to support and complement the process already begun in the home. Parents must make themselves aware in advance of the content of the programme so that they can begin the process of informing their children in advance of school involvement. This may involve teaching specific agreed terminology and content about relationships and human development. The policy recognises the right of a parent to hold concerns about the RSE programme. Where this applies the parent should discuss this with the Principal and the teacher. Where concerns persist the school will facilitate a parent’s decision, while taking regard of the need for sensitivity towards the child.


Informing and Involving Parents:
Parents are the primary educators of their children and their role in education concerning relationships and sexuality is seen by the school as very important.
Content to be covered in RSE classes will be sent home for prior parental approval. Relevant material will be made available should parents wish to view it.
Input by parents will be taken into account when reviewing the policy. A copy of this policy will be made available to any parent on request to the school Office.

       Offering Advice:
The school’s function is to provide a general education about sexual matters and issues and not to offer individual advice, information or counselling on aspects of sexual behaviour and contraception. Teachers may provide pupils with education and information about where and from whom they can receive confidential sexual advice and treatment, e.g. their doctor or other suitable agency. Advice offered should not be directive and should be appropriate to the age of the pupil.

       Explicit Questions:
It may not be appropriate to deal with some explicit questions in class. Teachers may choose to say that it is not appropriate to deal with that question at this time. If a teacher becomes concerned about a matter that has been raised he/she should seek advice from the Principal. When deciding whether or not to answer questions the teacher should consider the age and readiness of the students, the RSE programme content, the ethos of the school and the RSE policy. Teacher discretion and professional judgment will be applied in this context.

Confidentiality:
 
Teachers will deliver lessons in a spirit of respect for the rights of children and their families concerning privacy and confidentiality. 


         Withdrawing pupils from the RSE Programme:

Parents have a right to withdraw their child from sensitive aspects of RSE.
1. Parents do not have to give reasons for withdrawal, but we respectfully invite them to do so - sometimes we can then resolve misunderstandings.
2. Once a parent’s request to withdraw is made, that request must be complied with until revoked by the parent.
         

Using visiting speakers and others

Where a guest speaker is invited to address children and/or parents, prior notice will be given and material to be covered will be provided in advance where appropriate.

Special Needs

Children with special needs may need more help than others in coping with the physical and emotional aspects of growing up; they may also need more help in learning what sorts of behaviour are and are not acceptable, and in being warned and prepared against abuse by others.


9.    Ongoing support, development and review.

Training:
1.       All teachers involved in this work do not necessarily have to be ‘experts’ on the issues concerned. However, they do require sensitivity to the needs of the group, an ability to deal with questions openly/honestly and an awareness to refer to more expert advice if necessary.
2.       The school will facilitate teachers to obtain expert training in this field, bearing in mind the overall budgetary framework and the need for the ongoing teaching and learning programme of the school to continue, with as little disturbance as possible.
3.       Teachers are recommended to attend in-service training on a regular basis, based in the local Education Centre. (e.g. Galway Education Centre)

Resources:
Appropriate resources will be provided to support the delivery of the programme. Teachers are recommended to familiarise themselves with the following websites www.pdst.ie, www.healthpromotion.ie, www.staysafe.ie, www.watchyourspace.ie, www.webwise.ie. Teachers will use resources made available from these agencies to help with the implementation of the RSE programme.
Reviewed by Anna Marie & Michael following attendance at RSE Training Day (2011)
Reviewed by Breda & Tomás following attendance at RSE Training Day (2014)
Reviewed by Tomás & Caroline (December 2018)





REVIEW
Monitoring, evaluating and reviewing the RSE programme:
We are committed to monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of this programme. Specifically important to the RSE Programme are:
a) Pupil feedback;
b) Staff review and feedback;
c) Parental feedback.
 Any amendments necessary as a result of such review/feedback will be undertaken as appropriate.


This policy on RSE has been drawn up by a policy committee, comprising of:
·         2 teachers
·         2 members of BOM
·         2 parents

Any comments or suggestions you wish to make will be welcome and taken into account, Please record your submission on the space provided below and return it to the school.

As stated, any amendments necessary will be undertaken as appropriate.

The programme cannot be fully implemented until the final policy has been made available to parents. You will be alerted to this and it will be easily accessible on our school website, school policies section. (cregmorens.blogspot.com)

Review meetings will take place, following the implementation of the RSE programme.
COMMENTS
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Learning Support Policy


Scoil Pádraig Naofa Learning Support Policy
January 2019

The goal of Learning Support is to optimise the teaching and learning process so as to enable pupils with learning difficulties to achieve adequate levels of proficiency in literacy and numeracy before leaving primary school.”

1.  Aims of Learning Support

Through the implementation of this policy we strive to:
q  To provide supplementary teaching and additional support in English and or Maths
q  Develop positive self-esteem and positive attitudes to school and learning
q  Enable pupils to monitor their own learning and become independent learners within their own ability
q  Involve parents in supporting their children’s learning
q  Promote collaboration among teachers
q  To establish early intervention programmes designed to enhance learning.


2.  Staff Roles and Responsibilities

‘The key role of successful Learning Support is a collaborative responsibility shared by all partners in the learning experiences. It is important that all partners contribute in the planning and implementation of our school plan on learning support.’




Board of Management
q  Oversee the development, implementation and review of the provision of Learning Support in the school
q  Ensure adequate classroom accommodation and teaching resources are provided for the Learning Support Teacher
q  Provide a secure facility for storage or records in relation to pupils in receipt of Learning Support
q  Budget for ongoing support for Professional Development in Learning Support for staff



Principal
q  Assume overall responsibility for the development and implementation of the school’s policy on Learning Support in co-operation with the Board of Management, Teachers and parents.
q  Work with teachers and parents in the development of the school policy on learning support in the context of Special Needs Education
q  Monitor the implementation of the school policy on Learning Support on an ongoing basis
q  Monitor the selection of pupils for supplementary teaching, ensuring that this service is focused on the pupils with lowest levels of achievement
q  Assume direct responsibility for co-ordination of learning support services or delegate this responsibility to another staff member.
q  Oversee the implementation of a whole-school assessment and screening programme to identity pupils with very low achievement and learning difficulties so that these pupils can be provided with the support they need
q  Keep teachers informed about the external assessment service that are available and the procedure to be followed in initiation referrals
q  Help teachers increase their knowledge and skills in the area of learning support by passing on details of courses, and encouraging and allowing them attend such courses.


Class Teacher
The Class Teacher has primary responsibility for the progress of all pupils in his/her class, including those selected for supplementary teaching. In supporting the development and implementation of the school plan on Learning Support, the class teacher should:
q  Implement teaching programmes which optimise the learning of all pupils and to the greatest extent possible prevent the emergence of learning difficulties
q  Implement the school policies on screening and selecting pupils for supplementary teaching in English and Maths by co-operating and assisting with the administration and scoring of appropriate screening measures
q  Consult and work collaboratively with the Learning Support Teacher regarding pupils in need of supplementary teaching.
q  For each pupil who is in receipt of supplementary teaching, to collaborate with the Learning Support Teacher in the development of an individual profile and learning programme by identifying appropriate learning targets and by organising classroom activities to achieve these targets
q  For each pupil who is in receipt of supplementary teaching, to adjust the classroom programmes in line with the agreed learning targets and activities

With regard to teaching pupils with low achievement, the following general approaches and methods are recommended:
q  Such children should be prioritised when accessing information from previous class teacher
q  Priority when establishing parental contact
q  Group teaching
q  Modify presentation and questioning techniques to maximise the involvement of pupils with low achievement in class activities
q  Placing emphasis on oral language development across the curriculum
q  Providing pupils with extra tutoring in the key basic skills in literacy and numeracy
q  Setting learning targets at an appropriate level
q  Providing learning activities and material which are suitably challenging but which also ensure success and progress
q  Carrying out error analyses of a pupil’s work to pinpoint specific areas of difficulty
q  Applying assessments and tests which offer challenge and opportunities for success to children of all levels of achievement




Learning Support Teacher
q  Maintain a list of pupils who are receiving supplementary teaching.
q  Develop an Individual Education Profile for each pupil who is selected for supplementary teaching in consultation with the Class Teacher, parents, SNA’s and other professionals if necessary.
q  Maintain a planning and progress record or equivalent for each individual or group of pupils in receipt of Learning Support and review the progress of each pupil at the end of an instructional term and record this on the IEP
q  Deliver intensive early intervention programmes and provide supplementary teaching in English/Maths to pupils in senior infants and 1st class in the setting deemed most appropriate to the child’s needs.
q  Provide supplementary teaching in English and or Maths to pupils from 2nd to 6th who experience low achievement, in accordance with the school’s selection criteria
q  Contribute to the development of policy on Learning Support at whole school level
q  Provide advice to the Class Teachers in such areas as individual pupils assessment and programme planning, as well as approaches to language development, reading, writing and mathematics for pupils experiencing difficulties
q  Assist in the implementation of a broad range of whole school strategies designed to enhance learning
q  Perform a defined role in co-ordinating the provision of Special Needs and Learning Support services in the school
q  Liase with external agencies such as psychologists to arrange assessments and special provision for pupils with special needs
q  Consult with Class Teachers to address issues such as provision of appropriate support in the classroom for pupils whom supplementary teaching has been reduced or discontinued.
q  Support the implementation of a tracking system at whole school level to monitor the progress of pupils who have discontinued Learning Support

Role of Parents
Parents can support the work of the school by:
q  Participating with their child in home-based-activities suggested in their child’s IEP and discussing outcomes with the child’s teacher and or Leaning Support teacher.
q  Communicating regularly with the Class Teacher and Learning Support Teacher
q  Creating a home environment where literacy can thrive
q  Fostering positive attitudes about school and learning in the child
q  Developing the child’s oral language
q  Developing the child’s social mathematics

Role of Pupils
The involvement of pupils in the development, implementation and review of their own learning programmes is an important principle underlying effective supplementary teaching. Pupils in receipt of supplementary teaching should as appropriate
q  Become familiar with short term learning targets that have been set for them and should be given the opportunity to contribute to the setting of such targets.
q  Develop ‘ownership’ of the skills and strategies that are taught during supplementary teaching and apply these strategies and skills to improve their own learning.
q  Contribute to the evaluation of their progress by participating in appropriate assessment activities including self-assessment.



Role of SNA’s

q  Special assistance as necessary for pupils with particular difficulties
q  Accompanying individuals who may have to be withdrawn from class to attend supplementary teaching
q  Work in collaboration with Class Teacher, and Learning Support Teacher in implementing the IEP

3.Co-ordination of Learning Support
The overall responsibility for co-ordinating Learning Support and Special Education Services lies with the Principal or a teacher who has been designated to do so.

4.  Strategies for Prevention of Learning Difficulties
As a means of preventing the occurrence of learning difficulties as far as possible, the following strategies are being implemented:

q  The development and implementation of agreed whole school approaches to language development, e.g. phonological awareness, and to the teaching of other aspects of English and Maths
q  Close collaboration between Infant and Learning Support Teacher
q  Ongoing structured observation and assessment of the language, literacy and numeracy skills of pupils in the infant classes to facilitate early identification of possible learning difficulties.
q  Ongoing observation and assessment of pupils by the Class Teacher








5.  Strategies for Early Intervention

Implementation of early intervention programmes in the Infant and lower classes as an effective response to meeting the needs of any child with low achievement levels.   
          This will involve small group teaching (or even one-to-one if necessary) and this instruction will be delivered daily where possible. The emphasis will be on phonemic awareness and a range of other word identification strategies and will include a strong focus on oral language and laying the foundation for meaningful reading.
In maths, the focus will be on language development and on the development of mathematical skills and concepts through the use of concrete materials and the ‘hands-on’ approach.

6.  Process of identifying and selecting pupils for Learning Support

q  The principle of Early Intervention applies, therefore pupils from Senior Infants to Second Class are given priority in the allocation of Learning Support
q  In Junior infants pupils are screened using teacher and LS teacher observation
q  From Senior Infants upwards, all pupils are screened annually, using appropriate standardised tests.
q  Priority for Learning Support is given to those pupils who perform at or below the 12th Percentile, excluding in the main pupils who receive Resource Teaching.
q  In the case of pupils performing at or below the 12th percentile, the screening process is followed by a consultative meeting between the Class Teacher, the Learning Support Teacher and the parents concerning the pupil’s performance, and supplementary teaching is offered
q  In the allocation of places for Learning Support, the following are prioritised:

1.     Senior Infants identified by the Class Teacher, through Teacher Observation and/or MIST or other screening instruments, as having difficulty in literacy
2.    Children from Rang 1 and Rang 2, at or below the 12th percentile in literacy
3.    Children from Rang 3 and Rang 4 at or below the 12th percentile in literacy
4.    Children from Rang 5 and Rang 6 at or below the 12th percentile in literacy
5.    Senior Infants, identified by the Class Teacher, through Teacher Observation and/or MIST or other screening instruments, as having difficulty in numeracy
6.    Children from Rang 1 and Rang 2, at or below the 12th percentile in numeracy
7.    Children from Rang 3 and Rang 4, at or below the 12th percentile in numeracy
8.    Children from Rang 5 and Rang 6, at or below the 12th percentile in numeracy

7.  Provision of Learning Support

q  The primary work of the Learning Support Teachers is the provision of supplementary teaching to the pupils identified above
q  The school year will be divided into 2 Instructional Terms of approximately 20 weeks each.
q  The maximum case load at any one time shall be 30 pupils
q  One to one teaching may be provided if necessary
q  Classes will be intensive in terms of frequency
q  A system of withdrawal and/or in-class support will operate in response to the needs of the individual pupil
q  The Class Teacher and the Learning Support Teacher will meet to devise an Individual Education Plan (IEP) or Group Education Plan (GEP), in consultation with the Principal and parents. The pupil involved can also contribute to setting their own short-term targets
q  If a pupil is receiving support from a Resource Teacher in English / Maths, s/he will not normally be provided with supplementary teaching from the Learning Support Teacher as well.
q  If the pupil is in receipt of support from a Resource Teacher to address other needs, e.g. behavioural problems, sensory difficulty, it may be appropriate for the Learning Support Teacher to provide supplementary teaching as well
q  The Learning Support Teachers will maintain the following documentation:
1.     Individual Educational Plan
2.    Short term planning and programme record
3.    Samples of written work

Individual Learning Plan / Group Education Plan

This plan will address the pupil’s range of needs and will include:
q  Details from the Class Teacher
q  Assessment Results
q  Other relevant information, e.g. reports from other agencies
q  Learning strengths and attainments
q  Priority Learning Needs
q  Learning Targets
q  Class based Learning Activities
q  Supplementary support activities to include ICT
q  Home Support Activities

Each plan will be monitored through teacher observation; the keeping of planning and progress records and through the pupil’s own feedback.

Timetabling

q  The provision of Learning Support is in addition to the regular class teaching in English and Maths
q  Effort is made to ensure that pupils do not miss out on the same curricular subject each time they attend Learning Support. A flexible approach to timetabling is adopted by the Class Teacher, though class disruption must be minimised.
q  The provision of Learning Support may include withdrawal of pupils from their classroom and/or in-class tuition
q  In class support, if appropriate, will be jointly designed and monitored by the Class Teacher and the Learning Support Teacher


8.  Continuing and Discontinuing Learning Support

q  In general, children should not stay for more than 2 years in Supplementary Teaching, unless they are still at or below the 12th Percentile
q  Following the end of Instructional Term review, a decision is made to continue/discontinue the provision of Supplementary Teaching.
q  The decision making process involves consultation between the Class Teacher, the Learning Support Teacher, and the pupil’s parents, and account is also taken of the overall Learning Support demands in the school.
q  The criteria on which the decision will be made include:
1.     A consideration as to whether the pupil has achieved some/all of the learning targets set
2.    A consideration as to whether the pupil will be able to cope independently/semi independently in the classroom learning context
q  A decision to continue the provision of supplementary teaching will result in a revision of the pupil’s IEP


9.  Communication Strategies

The operation of an effective communication system between all the parties involved in meeting the learning needs of the child is considered essential. The various strands of the system include:
q  Class Teacher and the Learning Support Teacher following a low score on a screening test
q  Principal and/or Learning Support Teacher and/or Class Teacher and parents following a low score on a screening test, including the seeking of approval for further diagnostic assessment and/or provision of supplementary teaching
q  Regular communication between the Learning Support Teacher and parents
q  Ongoing communication between the Learning Support Teacher and the Class Teacher throughout the instructional term.
q  Communication when necessary to appropriate outside agencies such as the Health Services, SENO, Occupational Therapists, Educational Psychologists, and Speech and Language Therapists.





 10. Referral to out of School Agencies

q  The Learning Support Teacher in conjunction with the Principal, co-ordinates the referral of pupils to outside agencies, e.g. Educational Psychologist
q  The Principal and/or Learning Support Teacher and/or Class Teacher meet with the parents to discuss the need for the referral and to seek consent
q  The Class Teacher completes the necessary referral form in consultation with the appropriate school personnel.
q  The external professional visits the school to meet with the pupil, parents, principal, Class Teacher and the Learning Support Teacher as appropriate, and the assessment is conducted.

11. Resources
q  Resources for the provision of Learning Support include a variety of textbooks, library books and ancillary materials and oral language development materials. A variety of testing materials are also in use which include standardised, diagnostic, screening, reading experience, phonological awareness and Maths attainment.
q  Following consultation between the Learning Support Teacher and Principal, funding for materials may be provided from the learning support Grant, materials Grant, and/or funding that may be available through the Board of Management
q  Learning Support resources will be primarily be used in the learning Support Room. These resources may be made available to Class Teachers following consultation with the Learning Support Teacher






Success Criteria
The school wide implementation of this policy will result in enhancement of pupils learning in the following ways:
q  Improved standards of academic achievement with the pupil’s individual learning programme
q  Enabling the discontinuation of the provision of Learning Support based on positive assessment results
q  Enhanced parental involvement in supporting their child’s learning needs
q  Increased opportunities for effective communication between school personnel in relation to pupil’s progress